Visigothic-Mozarabic Bible of San Isidoro

This extraordinary manuscript’s history is shrouded in mystery. Originating from the Valeránica Monastery, which mysteriously vanished after its creation, the Bible found its way to the monastery of San Isidoro de León, possibly through King Ferdinand I of Leon and his wife Sancha. Highly sought after by scholars and museum curators worldwide, it is a treasured artifact for its historical insight into 10th century Spain.

Combining influences from Visigothic, Mozarabic, Islamic, Sassanid and Insular illumination traditions, this manuscript showcases over one hundred illustrated Bible episodes, offering rich depictions of 10th century Spanish life, including diverse cultural aspects, architecture, costumes and even bullfighting.

The Visigothic-Mozarabic Bible stands out as a significant source for paleographers and cultural historians, featuring a unique blend of Latin and Arabic marginal notes and offering invaluable insights into the Christian realms of the Iberian Peninsula during the era of Al-Andalus’s rule.

This Bible, completed in 960 by scribe Sanctius, is a substantial volume commencing with an elaborate image of Christ surrounded by the symbols of the evangelists. It culminates with an omega symbol. Noteworthy for its more than ninety Old Testament illustrations, the manuscript’s style reflects various cultural influences, integrating interlace motifs reminiscent of Insular art and showcasing the distinctive 10th century Spanish illumination.

The manuscript’s script is written in Visigothic Minuscule, a regional script developed in Spain, displaying characteristic spikiness. Sanctius, the scribe, is mentioned several times within the text, with indications of completion dates and his collaboration with the illustrious Florentius, a celebrated figure in Valeránica’s history.

After Valeránica’s decline, the manuscript was transferred to San Isidoro in León, eventually serving as a model for another illuminated Bible copied there in the twelfth century. This secondary Bible led to the Visigothic-Mozarabic Bible of San Isidoro being termed Biblia Primera (first Bible).

This exceptional manuscript serves as a link to early Christianity, displaying narrative scenes from the Old Testament and drawing influences from various artistic traditions. Its historical, cultural, and artistic significance makes it an invaluable treasure in the realm of early medieval European manuscripts.

The facsimile edition of the Visigothic-Mozarabic Bible of San Isidoro is complemented by a bookcase for its conservation and a complementary study book made by subject matter experts.

This facsimile is a unique edition of 600 books numbered and authenticated by notarial deed.