Punishments of Sancho IV
Illuminated Lessons: Moral Teachings from a Medieval Codex
The Punishments of Sancho IV, an early 15th century manuscript from Madrid, delves into the guidance for virtuous living in the Middle Ages. Compiled at the behest of Sancho IV, King of Castile and León, this guidebook aimed to instruct his son, Ferdinand, in moral conduct, leadership, and virtuous life through aphorisms and stories. Embellished with twenty-two paintings, it’s a treasure trove illustrating exemplary behavior from the Christian Bible, ancient history and contemporary life.
This illuminated manuscript, likely originating from Alfonso X, the Wise’s scriptorium, was later completed in 1292 under Sancho IV’s name. The book houses sermons and tales from saints and prophets, serving as a moral and instructional guide. Its twenty-two miniatures, painted in subtle tones and adorned with gold leaf, depict aspects of life during King Sancho’s reign, showcasing both the nobility in armor and the common folk in their daily routines.
Sancho IV shared his father Alfonso X’s love for books, accumulating a rich collection. Besides the Book of Punishment, Sancho translated significant encyclopedias and historical chronicles. These literary works, although not always reflecting reality entirely, offer an engaging insight into life during King Sancho the Brave’s era.
The Book of Punishment‘s chapters vividly depict ethical behavior in medieval Spain. Chapter XI, particularly striking, narrates a legend from the life of the prophet Daniel, exemplifying how vassals should honor their masters. The illuminator, Beatus of Saint-Sever, painted an iconic scene of Daniel and the Lion, symbolizing protection under the Lord’s service. These illustrations, employing primary colors, create a remarkable impact. Notably, one of the images from this manuscript is believed to have inspired Picasso’s painting Guernica. The miniatures are diverse, featuring knights, commoners, starry skies, earthy landscapes and maritime scenes, providing a rich tapestry of medieval life.
The facsimile edition of the Punishments of Sancho IV is complemented by a bookcase for its conservation and a complementary study book made by subject matter experts.
This facsimile is a unique edition of 500 books numbered and authenticated by notarial deed.
Details
Tech Sheet
DATE:
XIII century.
ORIGINAL KEPT:
National Library of Spain, Cód. 3995. Vitr. 17-8.
LANGUAGE:
Latin.
FORMAT:
370 x 265 mm.
PAGES:
166 pages.
ILUMINATION:
22 miniatures of various sizes, some of them containing gold.
BINDING:
Bound in leather over wood with embossed stamps.
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